Habit: Pyramidal in youth, with strong horizontal branching in maturity.

Leaves: soft needles  in bundles of 5, remaining two years, 2-4", white stomatic lines in inner surface.

Culture: Fertile, moist, well drained soils, but is tolerant of about anything. Likes lots of light and is extremely susceptable to air pollution like ozone and sulpher dioxide. 

Utilization: Specimen, groves, hedges, wind breaks and elevated pond edges.

Propagation: . Stratify seeds for 60 days. Taking cuttings is a 50/50 guess.  More info on propagation.

Disease and Insects: Root rot  --   Blister rust, a disease of the bark   --  White Pine weevil, eats new growth

Climate Range: Zone 3-8

Cultivars: numerous

• 'Compacta' - A dense, rounded type, slow growing, dwarf clone.
• 'Contorta' - Open irregular pyramidal form with slightly twisted branchlets.
• 'Fastigiata' - Narrow upright and columnar. Branches hang down at 45degree angle with maturity.
• 'Pendula' - Weeping form that must be trained to grow upright.